THE EFFECT OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS ON THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CONDITIONS OF MECHANICAL TRAUMA OF VARIOUS LOCALIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2411-9164.24.1-8Keywords:
traumatic brain injury, blunt abdominal trauma, skeletal trauma, acute blood loss, immune complexesAbstract
Introduction. Trauma is the leading cause of death in people under the age of forty-five. Despite significant advances in the treatment of traumatized patients, there is still no noticeable tendency toward a decrease in mortality due to trauma. As in the case of severe trauma and hypovolemic injury, the congenital immune response plays a central role in the pathophysiology of serious complications and secondary organ damage in surviving patients. However, the role of hypovolemia in the pathogenesis of circulating immune complexes (CIC) accumulation in the blood against the background of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), and skeletal trauma (ST) has not been sufficiently studied. Purpose. To determine the effect of acute blood loss on the dynamics of immune responses in conditions of mechanical trauma of various localization. Methods. Experiments were performed on mature male Wistar line rats. Under thiopental sodium anesthesia, rats were subjected to simulated TBI, BAT, and ST, standardized by mortality rate. In some groups of rats, acute blood loss amounting to 1,5% of body weight was additionally simulated. Rats were taken out of the experiment after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The content of CIC was determined in blood serum. Results. Modeling of TBI, BAT, and ST is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of CIC in blood serum, reaching a maximum 7 days after the posttraumatic period and then decreasing, reaching control levels by the 28th day of the experiment only in rats with TBI and ST. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the experiment, the indicator is significantly higher in the group of rats with BAT compared to other experimental groups. Complications of simulated injuries with acute blood loss amounting to 1,5% of body weight contribute to a greater accumulation of CIC in the blood compared to rats that underwent only mechanical trauma. In rats with TBI and acute blood loss, the indicator reaches its maximum 7 days after the post-traumatic period and returns to the control level after the 28th day. In rats with BAT and ST complicated by acute blood loss, the indicator remains at its maximum level for 7–14 days of the post-traumatic period and is significantly higher than the control level by the end of the experiment. During the 3–21 days of the post-traumatic period, the indicator significantly prevails in rats with BAT and acute blood loss. Conclusions. Mechanical trauma, regardless of localization, is accompanied by an accumulation of CIC in the blood serum, which increases significantly against the background of acute blood loss, is prolonged in time, and prevails in rats with BAT.
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